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VITAMIN C (Askorbinsyre)

Vidste du at

  • Næsten alle levende væsener er i stand til at producere sit eget C-vitamin? En beklagelig undtagelse er mennesket (abe og marsvin). Ved en pludselig forandring i arveanlæggene en gang i forhistorisk tid, forsvandt vore forfædres evne til at lave vitamin C af sukker. Vi mangler det nødvendige enzym.
  • Det er opløseligt i vand. Vi har ingen depotmuligheder, så vi er afhængige af daglig tilskud.
  • Kroppen tømmes helt for C-vitamin i løbet af 1-2 måneder.
  • Det er ustabilt og ødelægges let af varme, lys og luft.
  • Fra at være et vigtigt råstof for vore forfædres egenproduktion af C-vitamin konkurrerer sukker og vitamin C nu om pladsen i kroppens celler.
  • Slikmunde har øget risiko for mangel på C-vitamin, da sukker blokerer cellernes C-vitamin receptorer.
  • Der findes et fedtopløseligt C-vitamin (askorbylpalmitat).

Virkning

  • Vitamin C er nødvendigt for at lave bindevævs-kollagen, det vil sige det "cement" der holder kroppens celler sammen. Det er særlig vigtig for knogler, tænder og brusk.
  • Indgår i over 300 kemiske processer i kroppen.
  • Er nødvendigt for et effektivt immunsystemet.
  • Nødvendigt for sårheling og normal vækst.
  • Bremser aldersforandringer, da det er en kraftig antioxidant.
  • Vigtigt i fedtstofskiftet (for dannelsen af carnitin, der transporterer fedtsyrerne ind i cellerne).
  • Er nødvendigt for produktionen af en række hormoner og kroppens eget smertemiddel endorfin.
  • Binder tungmetaller. Da det kan passere blod/hjernebarrieren, ser det ud til at kunne fjerne tungmetaller (kviksølv) fra centralnervesystemet.
  • Vitaminet har en irritationsdæmpende (antihistamin) effekt.
  • C-vitamin kan "genoplive" brugt E-vitamin, så det kan genbruges igen og igen. Det kræver dog konstant tilførsel af tilstrækkelige mængder vitamin C.
  • Høje doser har en celledræbende effekt på kræftceller.
  • Høje doser har en smertestillende, beroligende, sårhelende, afgiftende, irritationsdæmpende (kortisonlignende), og en en kræfthæmmende effekt.

Mangeltilstande

  • Ses ved allergi, træthed, dårlig modstandskraft, sårhelingsproblemer, hårtab, hudblødninger, blå mærker og forhøjet kolesterol i blodet.
  • Mangel på C-vitamin formodes at øge risikoen for kræft og hjertesygdom.
  • Langvarig stress tømmer hurtigere kroppen for C-vitamin, og kan medføre mangel på "stresshormoner" fra binyrebarken, som igen kan resultere i for lavt stofskifte (mangel på stofskiftehormonet thyroxin).
  • Mangeltilstanden var kendt blandt britiske søfolk for 200 år siden. De drak citronsaft for at undgå skørbug, en frygtet sygdom blandt sømænd på langfart. * I 1928 blev det virksomme stof identificeret som vitamin C.
  • Skørbug opstår ved svære mangler, og ses sjældent i vore dage.
  • Symptomer: Blødninger i slimhinder og bindevæv, næseblod, opsvulmet og blødende tandkød, dårlig sårheling, muskel- og ledsmerter.

Måleenhed

Milligram (mg).

Dagsdosis

 Forebygge mangler  Langtidsprofylakse  Støttebehandling  Som medicin
 60 mg  1000 mg  1500 mg  3000 mg - ?
 Børn: 30 mg  100 mg  150 mg  200 mg

Tilskud tilrådes

  • Brugere af større mængder alkohol og tobak.
  • Ældre.
  • Ved svækket modstandskraft.
  • Gravide og ammende.
  • Kronisk syge der indtager medicin (antibiotika, smertestillende og hormoner).

Som medicin

  • P-pille brugere.
  • Ved svære infektioner og dårligt immunforsvar.
  • Ved mental træthed og svigtende hukommelse.
  • Ved misbrug af alkohol og tobak.
  • Arbejde med skadelige stoffer.
  • Ved kroniske sygdomme.
  • Sportsudøvere.
  • Til alle der spiser hjertemagnyl.
  • Anvendes som supplerende behandling mod kræft.

Ved akute infektioner

  • Start så tidligt i forløbet som muligt med 1 g hver time i 6 timer.
  • Fortsæt med 1 g x 3 daglig indtil 1 uge uden symptomer.
  • Videnskabelig undersøgelse dokumenterer en effekt: Alle symptomer på forkølelse eller influenza blev reduceret mer 85 %.(The effectiveness of vitamin C in preventing and relieving the symptoms of virus-induced respiratory infections. Gorton HC, Jarvis K., J Manipulative Physiol Ther., 1999 Oct; 22(8): 530-3).

Overdosering

  • C-vitamin er ugiftigt selv i meget store doser.
  • Bivirkninger i form af diare kan ses hos følsomme personer allerede ved doser fra 3000 mg, medens andre kan klare 20 g dagligt i årevis uden problemer (fx. den dobbelte Nobelprismodtager Linus Pauling).
  • Man kan finde sin individuelle grænse, ved at stige gradvist til diaregrænsen og derpå reducere dosis med en enkelt pille.
  • Det syreneutrale vitamin C tolereres bedst (er koblet til calcium).
  • Er der behov for store doser, bør C-vitamin indtages 4-8 gange dagligt sammen med en enkelt dosis af det fedtopløselige, for at få en stabil koncentration i blodet.
  • Det overskydende vitamin der forbliver i tarmen, reducerer dannelsen af kræftfremkaldende stoffer.
  • Det er vigtigt at stige langsomt i opstarten, og reducere dosis gradvist, hvis man igen vil trappe ned. Kroppen skal have tid til at omstille sig til den ændrede dosis.

C-vitamin som infusion

  • Tilført direkte ind i blodet som infusion, bliver C-vitamin brugt som medicin mod fx. kræft og kviksølvforgiftning, i doser på 20-200 g.
  • Doser over 80 g ren C-vitamin kan skade nogle af de røde blodlegemer, hvis ikke der tilsættes calcium (for hver 10 g vitamin C tilsættes 1 g Ca) og magnesium.
  • Hos håbløst syge kræftpatienter er der i enkelte tilfælde rapporteret en stagneret svulstvækst på denne behandling. Erfaringerne er dog beskedne, og bør afprøves i kontrollerede forsøg.
  • Ebola er en af de virusinfektioner der hurtigst tømmer kroppen for al vitamin C. Ved mistanke om infektion startes infusion med Ascorbinsyre (se opskrift under Immunsystemet.) 

Husk

  • Dette vitamin indtager formentlig en særstilling, hvad dosering angår.
  • Skulle vi relatere til de officielle anbefalinger for aber i USA, ville det daglige behov for vitamin C ligge på 4-5 g.
  • Sammenligner vi os med de C-vitaminproducerende dyrearter, ville niveauet ligge endnu højere, på ca. 10 gram.
  • Ved belastninger som stress og infektioner, ligger behovet endnu højere.
  • Måske er det her vi skal søge forklaringen på nogle af det moderne menneskets sundhedsproblemer.

Findes i

Acerolabær, hyben, kartofler, grøn peber, broccoli, spinat, tomat, jordbær, friske grønsager, frisk frugt (citron, appelsin, mango, grape). Koncentrationen i fx. citroner falder allerede i løbet af den 1. uge efter at de er plukket. Grønsager dyrket på traditionelt vis indeholder væsentligt mindre vitamin C, end økologiske.

Litteratur:
 
I en undersøgelse af 24 patienter på Rigshospitalet, alle med samme sygdom, viste det sig, at 22 af undersøgelsens patienter havde underskud på C-vitamin, 14 af patienterne havde endda en decideret mangeltilstand.
Sådan skriver Videnskab.dk i et nyhedsbrev den 30. august 2016. Undersøgelsen er offentliggjort i tidskriftet Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
"Man ved at C-vitamin har stor betydning for kroppen i forbindelse med sårbehandling, bekæmpelse af betændelse mm., og derfor kan et tilstrækkeligt niveau af C-vitamin have betydning for deres helbred.Lederen af undersøgelsen, Kristen Grønbæk, udtaler til Videnskab.dk, at det ikke vides, hvorfor patienterne er i underskud på C-vitamin, men det formentlig både skyldes dårlig appetit og en større omsætning af stoffet ved sygdom."
 
Topic: Multi-Vitamin, Mineral, Herbal Supplement Delays Aging in Mice
Keywords: AGING, LONGEVITY - Vitamins, Minerals, Herbs, Herbals, Multivitamin, Nutraceuticals, Antioxidants
Reference: "Dietary amelioration of locomotor, neurotransmitter and mitochondrial aging," Aksenov V, Long J, et al, Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2010, 235: 66-76. (Address: C. David Rollo, Department of Biology, McMaster University 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1. E-mail: rollocd@mcmaster.ca ).
Summary: In a study involving mice, ingestion of a dietary supplement containing 30 different vitamins, minerals and herbs aimed at ameliorating 5 mechanisms associated with aging showed no loss of total daily locomotion compared with >50% decrement in old untreated mice. Specific changes seen in mice fed the supplement included: increased striatal neuropeptide Y, reversal of age-related declines in mitochondrial complex III activity in the brain, and amelioration of oxidative stress (brain protein carbonyls - mice expressed 50% fewer mitochondrial protein carbonyls per unit of complex III activity). The authors state, "Functional benefits greatly exceeded the modest longevity increases documented for supplemented normal mice." They conclude, "...results provide proof of principle that complex dietary cocktails can powerfully ameliorate biomarkers of aging and modulate mechanisms considered ultimate goals for aging interventions."
 
HIF-Dependent Antitumorigenic Effect of Antioxidants In Vivo Cancer Cell, Volume 12, Issue 3, 11 September 2007, Pages 230-238 Ping Gao, Huafeng Zhang, Ramani Dinavahi, Feng Li, Yan Xiang, Venu Raman, Zaver M. Bhujwalla, Dean W. Felsher, Linzhao Cheng, Jonathan Pevsner et al.
 
Fischer H et al.: Vitamin C controls the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channel. Journal of the National Academy of Sciences 2004;101: 3691–3696.
 
Choi et al. Vitamin C Intake and the Risk of Gout in Men: A Prospective Study. Archives of Internal Medicine, 2009; 169 (5): 502.
 
Drisko JA, Chapman J, Hunter VJ. The use of antioxidants with first-line chemotherapy in two cases of ovarian cancer. J Am Coll Nutr. 2003 Apr;22(2):118-23.

Fawzi WW, et al. A randomized trial of multivitamin supplements and HIV disease progression and mortality N Engl J Med 2004;351:23-32.
 
The planetary biology of ascorbate and uric acid and their relationship with the epidemic of obesity and cardiovascular disease. Johnson RJ, Gaucher EA, Sautin YY, Henderson GN, Angerhofer AJ, Benner SA. Med Hypotheses. 2008;71(1):22-31. Epub 2008 Mar 10. Review. PMID: 18331782 [PubMed-indexed for MEDLINE].

Eight decades of scurvy. Stone I. Australas Nurses J. 1979 Sep;8(11):28-30. No abstract available. PMID: 118729 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

The controversial place of vitamin C in cancer treatment. Verrax J, Calderon PB. Biochem Pharmacol. 2008 Dec 15;76(12):1644-52. Epub 2008 Sep 30. Review. PMID: 18938145 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

Pharmacokinetics of vitamin C: insights into the oral and intravenous administration of ascorbate. Duconge J, Miranda-Massari JR, Gonzalez MJ, Jackson JA, Warnock W, Riordan NH. P R Health Sci J. 2008 Mar;27(1):7-19. Review.

Orthomolecular oncology review: ascorbic acid and cancer 25 years later. González MJ, Miranda-Massari JR, Mora EM, Guzmán A, Riordan NH, Riordan HD, Casciari JJ, Jackson JA, Román-Franco A. Integr Cancer Ther. 2005 Mar;4(1):32-44. Review. PMID: 15695476 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

Effects of high dose ascorbate administration on L-10 tumor growth in guinea pigs. Casciari JJ, Riordan HD, Miranda-Massari JR, Gonzalez MJ. P R Health Sci J. 2005 Jun;24(2):145-50. PMID: 16116933 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

Pharmacologic doses of ascorbate act as a prooxidant and decrease growth of aggressive tumor xenografts in mice. Chen Q, Espey MG, Sun AY, Pooput C, Kirk KL, Krishna MC, Khosh DB, Drisko J, Levine M. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 12;105(32):11105-9. Epub 2008 Aug 4. PMID: 18678913 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

Depletion of L-ascorbic acid alternating with its supplementation in the treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes. Park CH, Kimler BF, Yi SY, Park SH, Kim K, Jung CW, Kim SH, Lee ER, Rha M, Kim S, Park MH, Lee SJ, Park HK, Lee MH, Yoon SS, Min YH, Kim BS, Kim JA, Kim WS. Eur J Haematol. 2009 Aug;83(2):108-18. Epub 2009 Mar 5. PMID: 19284416 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

Changes of terminal cancer patients' health-related quality of life after high dose vitamin C administration. Yeom CH, Jung GC, Song KJ. J Korean Med Sci. 2007 Feb;22(1):7-11. PMID: 17297243 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

Supplemental ascorbate in the supportive treatment of cancer: reevaluation of prolongation of survival times in terminal human cancer. Cameron E, Pauling L. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Sep;75(9):4538-42.PMID: 279931 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

Supplemental ascorbate in the supportive treatment of cancer: Prolongation of survival times in terminal human cancer. Cameron E, Pauling L. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Oct;73(10):3685-9.PMID: 1068480 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

For mer informasjon om C-vitamin: http://www.vitamincfoundation.org/ 
 
 
 
 
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