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VITAMIN D (Kalciferol)
Vidste du at
- D-vitamin er mest kendt som "solskinsvitaminet"?
- Det har siden 1922 været brugt til at forebygge "engelsk syge" (rakitis).
- Egentlig er det ikke et rigtigt vitamin. Vi kan selv producere det i tilstrækkelig mængde, hvis vi får nok lys.
- Det er fedtopløseligt, med depoter i leveren. Vi er altså ikke afhængige af dagligt tilskud.
- Det består af en gruppe stoffer, hvoraf de mest kendte er D2 (ergokalciferol) og D3 (kolekalciferol).
- Forstadiet til vitamin D2 dannes i huden ud fra kolesterol. Sollys gør produktionen færdig. Dette er den vegetabilske udgave af vitamin D.
- Vitamin D3 findes i leverolieekstrakt, og er den animalske udgave af D-vitaminet. Den kan også dannes i huden, ved hjælp af solens ultraviolette bestråling.
- Børn har større behov for vitamin D end voksne.
Virkning
- Det virker ikke som vitaminer i almindelighed, men mere som et hormon.
- Kalcitriol er det aktive hormon.
- Galde er nødvendigt for optagelse fra tarmen.
- Vitamin D er nødvendigt for udvikling af sunde og stærke tænder og knogler.
- Det bliver omdannet til et hormon, der er i stand til at kontrollere optagelsen af calcium, og indgår i et nært samarbejde med biskjoldbruskkirtlen.
- Osteokalcin (bone-Gla-protein, BGP) er et hormonlignende protein. Det har en vigtig, østrogenlignende funktion i knoglestofskiftet, og kan overtage hormonets funktion hos kvinder i overgangsalderen.
Mangeltilstande
Måleenhed
Mikrogram (µg) eller internationale enheder (IE). 1 IE=0,025 µg. 1 µg=40 IE.
Dagsdosis
Forebygge mangler |
Langtidsprofylakse |
Støttebehandling |
Som medicin |
0-10 µg |
0-10 µg |
10 µg |
Op til 25 µg |
Børn:0-6 m: 8-10µg |
7 m-3 år: 7-10 µg |
gravide: 10 µg |
ammende: 10 µg |
Tilskud tilrådes
- Vitaminet er tilstede i tilstrækkelige mængder i kosten, for personer mellem 3 og 50 år.
- Små børn, gravide og ammende kan have glæde af tilskud.
- Ældre og andre med tæt klædedragt, der ikke får så sollys nok.
- Vegetarer, da vitamin D findes i animalsk føde.
Som medicin
- Til børn med bløde knogler og tegn på "engelsk syge".
- Til børn og gravide i mørke, støvede industribyer, med mangel på sollys.
- Doser over 100 µg frarådes, men nyere forskning viser, at selv høje doser af vitamin D ikke er skadeligt.
Overdosering
- Det brune farvestof melanin, som solens stråler frembringer i huden, beskytter os mod vitamin D forgiftning. Solen producerer 6 gange mere D-vitamin i en lys hud, end i en mørk.
- Vi har også en anden biologisk sikkerhedsventil. Ved ekstrem lyspåvirkning over længere tid danner kroppen et inaktivt fedtstof (lumisterol) i stedet for vitamin D.
- Calcium og vitamin D i store doser over længere tid frarådes. Det kan forkalke alt væv (nyre, hjerte, lunger), ødelægge elasticiteten i vore årer, forårsage højt blodtryk, åreforkalkning (såkaldt "calcifylaksi") og relativ mangel på magnesium. Infusion at EDTA tilsat magnesium kan reducere både bly og calcium i blodet.
- Vitamin D øger optagelsen af det giftige tungmetal bly, specielt ved calciummangel.
Husk
- Det er kun solen fra den høje sommerhimmel, der har nok ultraviolet kraft til at sætte gang i hudens vitaminproduktion.
- I svangerskabet overfører moderen ca. 30 g calcium til fosteret. Denne proces fortsætter i ammeperioden, hvor moderen optager større mængder kalk end normalt. Overraskende nok bremser mangel på vitamin D ikke denne proces. Det formodes derfor, at der også er andre mekanismer (fx. en østrogen virkning) der understøtter denne vigtige transport.
Findes i
Torskelevertran, fisk, mælk, æg, smør, ost
Litteratur:
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